PROCEDURE FOR TESTING P643 TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAY . These techniques locate wiring errors, insulation failures, loose connections, and other problems that go undetected if only relays are tested. Reasons for Relay Testing 95 2. Our qualified and experienced technicians carryout maintenance testing of protection relays on generation, distribution and transmission power systems for utilities, mines and industries. The relay can be of static type(DTH31- Alsthom) or numerical type( 7 UT- Sag ) The relays have to be tested as per the procedure mentioned in manuals.The procedure mention below enables the testing engineer to confirm the correctness wiring. If I have a relay that is supposed to protect something, I will: When I use this testing philosophy, I can walk away from the relay fairly confident that the relay will operate correctly when in service. Pickup is defined as that value of current or voltage which will just close the relay contacts from the 0.5 time-dial position. Have you ever noticed that the keys on a telephone keypad are opposite those on a computer keypad? 1) is the line section whose protection relays are to be tested using the automated procedure. Solid-State Relays 87 3. Did you program the correct style when you built your test plan? Create realistic fault simulations on either side of the element pickup to prove the relay will ignore faults on the wrong side of pickup, and trip for faults on the operate side of pickup. See the block diagram, figure 1. Relay setting engineers base their calculations on incorrect information. The participant will learn the basics of distribution protection combined with hands-on, realistic training on actual relays. Details of the Testing Procedure: Connect the three-phase test set to the relay as follows: IA Test I AW1 IB Test I BW1 IC Test I CW1 Playback the case to the relay with harmonic restraint disabled. Protection Engineer . If the relay trips then playback the case again with harmonic restraint enabled. Protection Testing Procedures: RED670 - Disatance & Line Differential. This schedule, however, sometimes cannot be met due to existing workloads and available manpower with the result that routine calibration tests intervals of many relays are longer than a year. Siemens 7SA522 - Line Distance Protection. He temporarily forgot how to adjust the time delay and started adjusting the pickup characteristic instead. You can contact us using our online form or: Valence Electrical Training Services9888 W. Belleview Ave, #122Littleton, CO 80123Phone: 303.250.8257E-Mail: [email protected], Copyright 2019 by Valence Electrical Training Services, The Complete Relay Testing Handbook Series, Finding the Direction in Directional Overcurrent Relays. Download the program from the machine, analyze the program, and create simple commands that will simulate the keypad presses required to get hopper #1 to operate. 28 Protection Zone Portion of system protected by relay Usually determined by location of current transformers Common protection zones Substation bus Transmission line May have multiple protection zones Power transformer Generator Common to have backup protection for zone. You aren’t going to learn anything if you simply follow the test-set instructions for connections, push a button, and then start checking your email while the test runs. Testers who rely on automation without understanding what is happening in the background are essentially pulling the handle on a slot machine. I was very lucky because the company I worked for didn’t just teach the right button sequence to get a successful test; they wanted me to understand the principles behind contact resistance before we looked at the test-set controls, including: I don’t know if this was on purpose, but understanding these basic principles about a contact resistance test meant that it didn’t matter which test-set they sent me out with; I knew what I wanted and it was just a matter of figuring out which buttons to push to produce and measure the signals I needed. The real failure points of digital relays are: The first five failure points can be tested with simple test procedures and don’t need fancy test-sets. PURPOSE AND SCOPE The purpose of this Standard Work Practice (SWP) is to standardise and prescribe the method for testing of protection … Disconnect the keypad and replace it with a connection from the test-set that will virtually press buttons. Learn the principles with manual testing until you are bored to tears. All of your test procedures should follow this path. The functions either work, or they don’t. The algorithms shouldn’t change, so you shouldn’t need to keep testing the relay pickup and timing during every maintenance interval. Chapter 2 . The content is copyrighted to EEP and may not be reproduced on other websites. PROTECTION RELAY TESTING FOR COMMISSIONING SWP Check this is the latest Process Zone version before use. The phase B and C CT also would need to be tested in a similar manner; but the trip lead from the relay may be lifted, since this part of the circuit already was tested. There is no reason to find the exact pickup points in a digital relay because there would be nothing to tweak to bring it into tolerance. Overcurrent Relay Testing Online Seminar Update, The Complete Guide to the Square Root of Three in Power Calculations, New Online Seminar for Overcurrent Testing is Now in Production, Testing Loss-of-Field / Loss-of-Excitation Elements (40). Numeric keypad = Numpad.svg By Mysid (Self-made in Inkscape) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons, Telephone keypad = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Telephone-keypad.png. system for automated relay testing. Get access to premium HV/MV/LV technical articles, advanced electrical engineering guides, papers, and much more! If the right amount of money comes out when I pretend to be a customer with the ATM test (or the correct responses occur when I simulate a fault on either side of a relay pickup), I don’t need to learn the machine language responsible to prove that function is correct. Chapter 1 Getting started Establishing connection with the relay Downloading the Settings from the relay . Out-of-Step Relays Testing Procedure. These facilities are critical to the electric power and water delivery systems relied on by many. In fact, you can make one characteristic pass by changing another characteristic. Traditional relay testing plans are laser focused on the relay’s protective elements like inverse time overcurrent (51) or line distance protection (21). Digital relays can have different test procedures for the different stages of a digital relay’s lifespan. The acceptance, commissioning, maintenance, and troubleshooting tests in electro-mechanical relays were all identical because the failure points in the relay didn’t change. SEL451 - Capacitor Bank Protection. Differential Relay setting Testing Differential I> & I>> 2. nd. You could start a rabbit-hole of research to determine whether the numbers #1-2-3 start from left to right from the front or rear view, and build a test plan to test that; but you would only prove the machine does what is programmed to do. If you think that your CT tester uses current to test the CT ratio and polarity, you shouldn’t be testing that CT.  That automated test-set is basically a slot machine if you don’t know what you’re doing. Testing and maintenance of protective relays always begins with a thorough visual and mechanical inspection. I’ve found too many in-service relays that were incorrectly set to fully trust that any relay has been correctly commissioned. Make sure your test will actually meet your goals. Operation, maintenance, and field test procedures for protective relays, Applying directional overcurrent relays in ground fault protection of transmission lines, Fault event reconstruction using data pulled from intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), Cold load pickup and inrush problems in protection of distribution feeder circuits, Trip and control circuit schemes of signaling between relays and circuit breakers, Electrical Engineering Books and Technical Guides. My first job was running the ductor leads for a switchgear contact resistance test. Generator Protection Alstom Micom p343 Testing Procedure 1. Find out what the relay is supposed to do without looking at the settings in the relay. Introduction The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) operates and maintains 58 hydro-electric powerplants and many switchyards, pumping plants, and associated facilities in the 17 Western United States. One approach to test the total protection system is to use primary injection techniques (see appendix H) that trigger protective relays and lockout relay, trip circuit breakers, and initiate annunciations and indications. Try to get as far away from the settings as you can (coordination studies for overcurrent elements, line parameters for distance relays, setting engineer descriptions of operation or working sheets, documented, version-controlled settings from the design engineer). The Protective Relay Maintenance Distribution course is an intensive, hands-on, lab oriented presentation. Field Test Procedure For Protective Relays 1. For example, does your CT secondary loop test prove that the current flows into the correct terminal? Digital outputs can be tested in a few seconds during periodic maintenance intervals. SEL311L - Distance & Line Differential. Global Power Test uses the state-of-art protective relay tester, The Doble F6150e, for all of it`s relay testing schemes. And this service is free of charge. Run the three tests and make sure the correct hopper operates for each simulation. The power system stability modelling software is used as source of test signals. If you set and measure a pickup and timing test today, it will be the same forever as long as the first five components remain functional. TapCON260 - Automatic Voltage Control. Many of the setting problems ended up disabling one, or all, of the protective elements in the relay; but they had a tested sticker and test report. The owner must keep … Garbage in usually equals garbage out. An automated test makes it look like you are winning with your good-looking test report ($20 instead of $5), but the bank will probably lose money (relay fails to operate when it is supposed to) over the long run. I don’t think I’m special. The procedure I just described is called dynamic, or system, testing in the relay testing world. High standards of safety are observed when working in live substations. Protective circuit functional testing, including lockout relay testing, must take place immediately upon installation, every 2 years thereafter, and upon any change in wiring. Allowing for meter differences, interpretation of readings, etc., this value should be within ±5% of previous data. The machine will dutifully spit out $20 to people who ask for $5 and $5 to people who ask for $20, even after the complicated test procedure gives you all passes. You could go down a rabbit hole of research to press the correct virtual button with your automated test, but these questions are unnecessary when performing a dynamic test. One of the most common complaints I get from students is something like, “We don’t test relays every day, so it’s hard…” I find this one difficult to understand because you could put me in any high-voltage electrical testing environment today and I could get the job done; even though I haven’t tested anything other than relays in nearly a decade. If applicable, documentation is required detailing how verified protection segments overlap to ensure there is not a gap when testing the total protection system. RELAY SETTINGS At all new protective relay installations, the re­ lays should be adjusted in accordance with the settings given in the relay data sheets furnished by the Denver Office, after which, tests should be made to determine if the actual operating characteristics check with the adjustments made. Test each part of the entire system at least one time. find out which conditions should make the relay operate, and then, create some realistic scenarios that are just within the relay’s operating tolerances, and then, create some realistic scenarios that are just outside the relay’s operating tolerance, and then. Many relay test plans start by re-configuring a digital relay to make it operate like an electro-mechanical relay, and then apply electro-mechanical relay test procedures to record a pickup and timing results. Ask yourself, “What are the goals for this test?” and plan your test to meet those goals. Repeat the process for some basic combinations and head home after a couple of minutes. Most relay testers create some kind of automated procedure to test their relays that would look something like this using the ATM machine analogy: This test procedure is much more involved and makes it look like you are really working hard on your test, but what did you actually prove? Disconnect the test-set from the ATM and reconnect the keypad and hoppers. Electro-mechanical relays had multiple failure points that could affect the relay pickup and timing characteristics. Let’s simplify this by replacing the relay with a bank machine, or ATM, that distributes three kinds of bills ($5, $10, $20) stored in three separate hoppers. Setting Values in the relay Sending the setting values to the relay . The paper presents out-of-step (OOS) protection device testing methodology under close-to-real power system operation conditions. The system comprises two parallel 400 kV lines fed from sources behind system impedances at each end. SIEMENS Transformer Protection Relay Testing with Quick CMC SIPROTEC 7UT test Procedure. You won’t find any of these problems if you ask the relay what it is programmed to do and isolate each element for testing. Which one is the right style for the ATM? Chapter 3: A Brief History of Protective Relays 83 1. Although testing of individual components may take place on a regular basis (e.g., relay calibration and lockout relay testing), it is essential to test the entire protection circuit, including wiring, and all connections from “beginning to end” to ensure integrity of the total circuit. If you’re new to relay testing or simply new to Protection Suite, your steps for setting up new tests are organized and understandable. Some of these setting errors can include: If you base your test plan on the settings inside the relay, then build a test plan based on those settings that changes values to make the relay test simpler; you will not be able to find any of these issues unless they are incredibly obvious. Chris is an Electrical Engineering Technologist, a Journeyman Power System Electrician, and a Professional Engineer. You can find out more about Chris here. Frequency Of Testing It is recommended that protective and auxiliary relays be given a complete calibration test and inspection at least once a year. I think I got lucky again with that first testing company. What Should be in the Synchronizing Chapter (25)? 535 8 8 Replies to “Transformer Protection Relay Testing with Quick CMC” nk. I think it has more to do with my approach to testing. How Should You Test Protective Relays Treatise. This isn’t bragging. How to Test Breaker Failure Element Logic, How to Perform an In-Service Protective Relay Meter Test. All Posts, Protection Relay Testing. Relay testers convert incompatible setting files in the field. (This would be the same as mapping spare inputs for your relay testing.). Many test plans that I’ve seen used will NOT prove polarity. However, properly com-missioning an entire protection system, not just the individual relays, presents a challenge. wide variety of test plans and practices. Protection circuits also may include all indicators, meters, annunciators, and input devices such as governors, exciters, and gate closure control circuits if required for the correct function of the protection system. There are often many, many revisions on a project and you are the last line of defense. You can get passes on your test sheets in the relay testing world by looking at the relay terminals for your test-set channels, but the relay may never operate if the CTs or PTs are incorrectly  connected to the relay. The Over-Excitation Testing (24) Chapter is Complete. • Applicability: Owners of generation, transmission, and transmission Protection Systems. I encourage you to avoid the automation trap and look for test-sets made in the 80’s or 90’s (or run your modern test-sets manually) to do your testing. If you ask for five dollars, you should get five dollars. There could be something mechanically wrong with the hopper that prevents it from operating correctly. I’ll be working on more technical emails in the future. Relay Testing Equipment 98 3. In fact, the first four failure points could be, and should be, continually tested while the relay is in-service and online. I’ll just end up writing it over and over again in every post because these principles apply to all relays, so I figured that I should just write it down once to get it out of my system… and then link to it in all future posts. Microprocessor Based Relays 87 Chapter 4: Relay Testing Fundamentals 95 1. Relay setting engineers misunderstand how the relay functions. MiCOM P841 - Auto Re-Closer Relay. If you can’t test an element without another element turning on, contact the design engineer to determine the scenarios that should operate without overlap. I didn’t start my career as a relay tester. For example, one of my students found the relay timing out of calibration. Test Procedures for Protective Relays and Associated Circuits 1 1. Study specialized technical articles and papers. The question you should ask before you perform a maintenance test is: Do I trust the person who commissioned this relay? Each of the 400 kV transmission paths is split into two line sections and one of these (labeled Line 1 in Fig. If you get a successful test with this method, do you even know if the hopper (actual trip output) is fully functional? The only sure way to test the actual hopper is to perform a full functional test. You can get passes on your test sheets AND find out if the CTs and PTs are connected to the relay correctly by connecting your test-set to the relay, using the site drawings. The types of tests and inspections required for protection relays can depend on the owner of the equipment, however the following are recommended: Physical inspection of the relay hardware, wiring and terminal connections, Compare the protection settings with those specified in the latest protection study report, I know plenty of test managers who are in the same boat as I am. Technical Report PDF Available. Electromechanical Relays 83 2. Have someone switch the wires and see if your test plan will discover the change. Functions to give a desired amount of time delay before or after any point of operation in a switching sequence or protective relay system. Page 1 of 15 Standard Work Practice SP0518 Ver 2 Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802 1. ), Disconnect the hopper that dispenses the bills and replace it with the test-set digital input feedback inputs. This power system simulator performs standard relay calibration and verification testing of high burden and microprocessor relays. Modern Relay Test Systems 7.1 Freja 300 7.2 Pulsar . Digital and numerical relays will have a self-test procedure that is detailed in the appropriate relay manual. Critical examples of these circuits include, but are not limited to, the generator protection (86G), generator differential protection (86GD), transformer differential protection (86KD), and unit breaker failure protection (86JF) circuits. It will help you. You should use the final drawing revisions to make sure the electricians and engineers were all on the same page. Every testing company in the world is actively looking for (and poaching) skilled electrical testers. These tests should be followed to determine if the relay is operating correctly. I encourage you to use manual test methods for all your testing until the procedures actually sink in (you’ve done it so often that you could do it in your sleep), and then start playing with automation. Learn about power engineering and HV/MV/LV substations. Routine testing and maintenance Review of relay operations. actual energization in addition of theory of testing and numerical procedure. For example, what happens to the numbering of the hoppers if we looked at the back of the ATM machine? Introduction hy do we use protective relays? This post is a little different because I will discuss how I approach all relay testing. I wrote a rant in The Relay Testing Handbook: Principles and Practice against automation in all forms, but I’ve changed my thinking quite a bit since then. If the circuit to be tested is in service, one relay at a time should be removed (if applicable) so as not to totally disable the protection. A confident electrical tester who knows their stuff can almost write their own ticket in this industry. We had to: If you understand the test and perform it manually until it becomes boring, those fundamentals will stick with you forever. I was writing the next impedance relay testing post when I realized that a large part of it was going to be about the “right” way to test relays. The first electrical test made on the relay should be a pickup test. 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