Chicken fat is high in linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid essential for life. According to our data, this American Journey recipe provides complete & balanced nutrition for the maintenance of adult dogs.In other words, this formula is AAFCO approved.. American Journey Grain-Free Dry Food Chicken & Sweet Potato Recipe For Adult Dogs (Healthy Weight) is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog … It is even liked by many known fussy cats, according to their owners. In terms of ingredients, American Journey cat food products are made of real animal protein. A hit with cats. Each recipe includes its related AAFCO nutrient profile when available on the product’s official webpage: Growth, Maintenance, All Life Stages, Supplemental or Unspecified. Rest assured that I put these products on the list specifically due to their genuine quality and not for other reasons. Loves a good book (about animals) and playing the piano. With no by-product meals, this recipe is rich in essential amino acids. Their dry cat foods come in 4 grain-free variants, while the wet cat foods are available in 3 kinds of textures in different flavors. They just love the shredded chicken and the tasty chicken broth it is served in. Natural Balance Cat Food Review 2020: All You Need to Know, WholeHearted Cat Food Review 2020: Good Quality,…, 2020 Kirkland Cat Food Review: Premium Quality,…, 2020 Tiny Tiger Cat Food Review: Affordable High…, 2020 Diamond Cat Food Review: Affordable Food for…, Young Again Cat Food Review for 2020: Affordable &…, 1. However, more than 60% of chicken is water. Cats who were previously vomiting their food are able to keep this food down. American Journey cat food is available in grain-free wet and dry recipes. However, some of their wet foods contain guar gum â an ingredient that some claim may cause certain conditions in cats. You can view a complete list of all dog food recalls sorted by date. While salmon is the primary source of protein, it does have menhaden fish meal and dried egg product. Numerous good reviews have been written by cat parents for this dry food product. American Journey Minced Tuna and Salmon in Gravy recipe is a great way to keep your cats hydrated. The Dog Food Advisor is privately owned. It contains no grains, corn, soy, or even peas. Here are the ingredients in this formula: Deboned Salmon, Chicken Meal, Turkey Meal, Peas, Sweet Potatoes, Chickpeas, Pea Protein, Chicken Fat (Preserved with Mixed Tocopherols), Dried Plain Beet Pulp, Natural Flavor, Flaxseed, … First, we find tomato pomace. It is also liked by cats with sensitive stomachs. The salmon recipe dry pet food has received good feedback from cat parents about how it has given their kitties soft and shiny coats. The feeding guide should be followed to make sure that cats are getting the right amount of food per day. A lot of cats who have been fed this salmon dry cat food have been able to maintain healthy weights. Self-educated pet care nerd. It has a clean list of ingredients with no questionable components. This canned cat food from American Journey is loved by many kitties for its meaty flavor from turkey and salmon. Free from artificial enhancers such as colors, flavors, or preservatives, it offers all natural cat food that is affordable, and can be conveniently purchased online at Chewy.com and PetSmart. Meaty flavor. Just like all American Journey recipes, this kibble is free from poultry by-product meals. American Journey Turkey & Chicken Recipe Grain-Free Dry Cat Food, 12-lb bag; Your cat needs the high-quality nutrition to keep her going for a full day of adventure. American Journey Pate Turkey & Salmon Recipe Grain-Free canned cat food offers great value in terms of quality and affordability. The first ingredient … Ingredients: American Journey Salmon & Sweet Potato Recipe Grain-Free Dry Dog Food is the top selling American Journey dog food on Chewy.com.. It has a clean list of ingredients with no questionable components. Above-average protein. American Journey Dog Food is one of the brands manufactured and sold by Chewy Inc. They have also grown thicker, healthier fur. For more information, please visit our Disclaimer and Disclosure page. This kibble, however, contains eggs. Has real salmon and tuna bits served in tasty gravy. The taste is enhanced by turkey broth and turkey liver. Their dry foods however have a slightly higher carbohydrate content compared to other grain-free cat food products. This smooth paté is perfect for all life stages. Use the links below to check prices and package sizes at an online retailer. Although alfalfa meal is high in plant protein (about 18%) and fiber (25%), this hay-family item is more commonly associated with horse feeds. Based on our American Journey cat food review, it is overall a good natural pet food brand. Ingredients: Deboned beef, chicken meal, brown rice, peas, pea protein, rice bran, chicken fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols), brewers rice, barley, turkey meal, natural flavor, tomato pomace, suncured alfalfa meal, flaxseed, fish oil, dicalcium phosphate, dried plain beet pulp, dried egg product, carrots, oatmeal, sweet potatoes, salt, potassium chloride, choline chloride, blueberries, cranberries, dried kelp, l-threonine, dried chicory root, mixed tocopherols (preservative), vitamin E supplement, iron amino acid complex, zinc amino acid complex, ferrous sulfate, Yucca schidigera extract, zinc oxide, copper amino acid complex, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, manganese amino acid complex, vitamin A supplement, niacin supplement, d-calcium pantothenate, riboflavin supplement, manganous oxide, thiamine mononitrate, vitamin D3 supplement, vitamin B12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, biotin, calcium iodate, folic acid, rosemary extract, Fiber (estimated dry matter content) = 6.7%. Near-average fat. Read this review of some of the brandâs top-rated cat foods for a closer look into their ingredients, quality, and feedback from other cat parents. I hope your furry friends will love these reviewed products and that it will spark joy in each pair of feline eyes! Rich fish flavor. It makes a lot of cats happy, and their owners do not need to pay exorbitant amounts of money for this grain-free cat food. It has been proven to significantly improve the skin and coats of a lot of kitties. They also offer three different textures to suit your catâs preference. A few underweight cats have also gained healthy weights from this kibble. With no by-product meals, this recipe is rich in essential amino acids and omega fatty acids. However, we do receive a referral fee from online retailers (like Chewy or Amazon) when readers click over to their website from ours. Chewyâs American Journey is a one of the brands that are a good introduction into natural pet foods. We do not accept money, gifts, samples or other incentives in exchange for special consideration in preparing our reviews. This product has good quality without questionable ingredients. American Journey Pate Turkey & Salmon Recipe, American Journey Minced Salmon & Tuna Recipe, American Journey Landmark Chicken & Vegetables Recipe. The brandâs salmon recipe dry food has real deboned salmon as its first ingredient. Although it doesn’t sound very appetizing, chicken fat is actually a quality ingredient. 44 ($0.10/Ounce) $46.99 $46.99 The brand offers good value for the productsâ quality, ingredients, results, and affordability. Have American Journey cat foods ever been recalled? Not only is inulin a natural source of soluble dietary fiber, it’s also a prebiotic used to promote the growth of healthy bacteria in a dog’s digestive tract. Turkey & Chicken Recipe Grain-Free Dry Cat Food. Gas and vomiting have been reduced or even resolved. Thanks for your support. This chicken and vegetables in broth recipe has real shredded chicken as its first ingredient. American Journey Minced Salmon & Tuna Recipe in Gravy, 6. According to some experts, guar gum may be a possible contributor to certain medical conditions in cats. Aside from vitamins and minerals, this meaty wet cat food also has taurine for eye and heart health. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. While all are nutritious, some feel that these ingredients offer no nutritional value to feline health. But to be realistic, ingredients located this far down the list (other than nutritional supplements) are not likely to affect the overall rating of this American Journey product. The first ingredient is chicken. The American Journey product line includes the 9 dry dog foods listed below.. Each recipe includes its related AAFCO nutrient profile when available on the product’s official webpage: Growth, Maintenance, All Life Stages, Supplemental or Unspecified.. Use the links below to check prices and package sizes at an online retailer.. American Journey Beef and Brown Rice (4 stars) [A] The first ingredient is chicken. It contains no grains, corn, or soy. The Chicken Recipe Grain-free dry food is made with high-protein real deboned chicken, as well as nutritious fruits and vegetables. Best of American Journey Salmon & Sweet Potato Recipe Review. You love what you see? We do recommend properly transitioning your cats to new food to avoid upsetting their stomachs. The first ingredient is chicken. Many cats have also maintained healthy weights with this dry food. They have not had upset stomachs, and gassy tummies have been reduced too. Nature's Recipe Grain Free Easy to Digest Dry Dog Food with Real Meat, Sweet Potato And Pumpkin 4.7 out of 5 stars 5,820 $39.44 $ 39 . However, aside from its energy content, this cereal grain is of only modest nutritional value to a dog. However, some find the texture a bit too dry for a paté. It has received so many reviews about how much their cats enjoy having this for their meals. Landmark has some of the brandâs best cat products based on quality and cleaner ingredient list. American Journey Turkey & Chicken Recipe, Contains essential amino acids and antioxidants, Wholesome cat kibble with deboned chicken, No poulty by-product or any articial preservatives, Smooth paté made with real salmon & turkey, Combines delicious salmon and tuna, which deliver essential amino acids, A protein-first approach to nutrition â 95% chicken, Cooked in real broth which helps add a healthy boost of hydration, Zero grains, wheat, corn, soy, carrageenan, synthetic flavor enhancers, antibiotics, MSG or artificial flavors, colors or preservatives. Tomato pomace is a controversial ingredient, a by-product remaining after processing tomatoes into juice, soup and ketchup. The dashboard displays a dry matter protein reading of 28%, a fat level of 17% and estimated carbohydrates of about 48%. Based on its ingredients alone, American Journey Dog Food looks like an above-average dry product. However, flaxseed contains about 19% protein, a factor that must be considered when judging the actual meat content of this dog food. Great value. Shop at an Online RetailerGet 30% Off + Free Shipping, Copyright © 2020 Dog Food Advisor All Rights Reserved, American Journey Large Breed Salmon and Brown Rice, American Journey Puppy Chicken and Brown Rice, American Journey Large Breed Chicken and Brown Rice, American Journey Healthy Weight Chicken and Brown Rice, American Journey Senior Chicken and Brown Rice, intestinal health and blood sugar benefits, FDA Investigating Potential Link Between Diet and Heart Disease in Dogs, American Journey Salmon, Brown Rice and Vegetables [. This American Journey dry cat food is rich in protein from real turkey and chicken. Healthy weight. None of their pet foods have by-product meals. Even though it contains over 80% protein, this ingredient would be expected to have a lower biological value than meat. This chicken and vegetables in broth recipe has real shredded chicken as its first ingredient. Many cat parents have noted that this wet cat food product does not have the stinky, fishy cat food smell that other commercially available canned food have. All of their products are free from corn, wheat, or soy, and are made with real deboned meat as the primary protein ingredient. Next, this food includes alfalfa meal. The American Journey Chicken & Sweet Potato Grain-Free Senior Recipe is specifically formulated for senior dogs and is made with natural sources for key amino acids. Animal adoption advocate. Kibbles are too small. Next, beet pulp is a controversial ingredient, a high fiber by-product of sugar beet processing. Contains guar gum. However, peas contain about 25% protein, a factor that must be considered when judging the meat content of this dog food. American Journey. American Journey Minced Salmon & Tuna Recipe in Gravy Grain-Free has real salmon and tuna bits served in tasty gravy. The kibbles are made with real chicken and does not have artificial enhancers in its ingredient list such as flavors, colors, or preservatives. This particular product is a peanut butter flavor that’s made with real roasted peanuts to give it that natural flavor, and nutrients. Launched in 2017, Chewyâs American Journey pet products are all made in the US by an unnamed Kansas-based manufacturer. While American Journey foods are made in the United States, some of their ingredients are sourced from outside the U.S. American Journey meets the AAFCO guidelines for a natural dog food with added vitamins and minerals. One of American Journey’s best dry dog food recipes is Grain-Free Salmon & Sweet Potato. From here, the list goes on to include a number of other items. Cat owners love that this grain-free canned cat food product has high quality natural ingredients. After cooking, most of that moisture is lost, reducing the meat content to just a fraction of its original weight. This product is manufactured by Chewy, Inc. Additionally, chicory root is rich in inulin, a starch-like compound made up of repeating units of carbohydrates and found in certain roots and tubers. There are no bulk-adding fillers such as corn, soy, wheat, or other grains. Great quality. Strong odor. American Journey Cat Food – Top 3 Recipes Reviewed Hill's Science Diet Wet Cat Food, Adult, Indoor, Savory Chicken Recipe, 5.5 oz Cans, 24-pack 4.6 out of 5 stars 514 $37.71 $ 37 . 12-Ct 3-Oz American Journey Landmark Chicken Recipe Canned Cat Food + 14-Lbs World's Better Lotus Blossom Cat Litter $14.25 w/ Autoship & More + F/S … Small kibble. It has high-quality ingredients, yet it is affordable compared to many grain-free cat food products. The sixth item is rice bran, a healthy by-product of milling whole grain rice. 71 ($0.29/Ounce) $40.49 $40.49 They take this as a sign of good quality ingredients without by-products. The tenth ingredient is turkey meal, another protein-rich meat concentrate. Made with high-protein real deboned chicken, as well as nutritious fruits and vegetables. Chicken meal is considered a meat concentrate and contains nearly 300% more protein than fresh chicken. Some cats who are allergic to chicken have done quite well with this salmon recipe. Many have thrived on the brandâs products with skin, fur, and digestion issues showing significant improvements. We only call your attention here to the controversy and believe the inclusion of beet pulp in reasonable amounts in most dog foods is entirely acceptable. Their Landmark premium line of canned food has up to 95% protein. As the name might suggest, the formula’s primary ingredient is Salmon, but it also makes use of poultry ingredients like Chicken and Turkey. The second ingredient is chicken meal. FREE shipping and the BEST customer service! The American Journey Dog Food brand is owned by Chewy Inc., one of the largest online stores for pet products. Some denounce beet pulp as an inexpensive filler while others cite its outstanding intestinal health and blood sugar benefits. The next ingredient includes peas. The first five on the ingredient list of this salmon & tuna recipe are salmon, fish broth, chicken broth, chicken liver, and tuna. The seventh ingredient is chicken fat. Free from ingredients such as grains, carrageenan, artificial flavors, colors, and preservatives, this Landmark from American Journey recipe is highly recommended for sensitive kitties. Some cats even like it more than treats. The shorter, cleaner ingredient list make it a recommended product for cats with food allergies. | Powered by WordPress. You may need an airtight container to keep the smell from escaping. The carb sources are tapioca starch, peas, flaxseed, and other fruits and vegetables such as spinach, carrots, blueberries, etc. American Journey Dog Food receives the Advisor’s second-highest tier rating of 4.5 stars. Even with vegetables, this product has a significantly higher protein content compared to other brands of wet food. This chicken and veggies recipe is also recommended for cats … With flaxseed and fish oil, it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA for skin and coat health. From The Manufacturer. Chewy Inc. was founded by Ryan Cohen and Michael Day and now sells over 1,000 brands online to a vast customer base. The meaty flavor is well-liked by many cats as well. American Journeyâs chicken recipe dry food product is another favorite among many cats. Their wet foods do not contain carrageenan as a thickener. This product is manufactured by Chewy, Inc. With 40% protein, and vitamin-rich vegetables and fruits, this grain-free recipe offers complete and balanced nutrition for cats. I would just like to be transparent with you and inform you that FelineLiving may obtain a share of sales or other monetary compensation from the links on this page. www.felineliving.net is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. It does not have the strong canned pet food smell that many cat parents detest. Purrfect! According to a few buyer reviews, this dry food product smells very strongly of fish. The recipes are made of up to 95% protein. Protein sources include chicken, turkey, beef & chicken, and salmon. And less costly plant-based products like this can notably boost the total protein reported on the label — a factor that must be considered when judging the meat content of this dog food. It is however, not a limited-ingredient cat food. American Journey Landmark Chicken & Vegetables Recipe in Broth is a highly recommended wet food for cats of all life stages. As you can see, the most common first ingredient in American Journey is chicken. This Salmon Recipe Grain-free dry pet food is overall a good product to try, especially for those who want a salmon-based dry food. The FDA is investigating a potential link between diet and heart disease in dogs. It contains no grains, corn, or soy. The third ingredient is brown rice, a complex carbohydrate that (once cooked) can be fairly easy to digest. No. This premium canned food from the brand is priced at a higher point compared to the average wet cat food. This chicken recipe is another flavor from the brand that is a favorite among felines. It even has pea protein as an added protein source. A handful of reviews state that this turkey and salmon canned food is a bit too dry for their catsâ liking. We'll begin this review of American Journey Active Life Chicken, Brown Rice & Vegetables Recipe For Large Breed Dogs with a detailed discussion of the ingredients. This American Journey Landmark chicken and veggies in broth canned food is another hit with the kitties. We promise not to share your information. They love flavor, and cannot wait for their bowls to be filled. The flavor is also enhanced by having fish broth, chicken broth, and chicken liver in its ingredients. Protein can indeed be expensive when compared to quality pet food. American Journey Chicken & Turkey Recipe Grain-Free Canned Dog Food, 12.5-oz, case of 12; With American Journey Chicken & Turkey Recipe Grain-Free Canned Dog Food, your dog will get the nourishment he needs for any adventure the day might bring. It offers a tasty, hydrating meal at a more affordable price compared to other grain-free cat food products. This American Journey dry cat food is rich in protein from real turkey and chicken. American Journey is full of nutritious ingredients that fuel your pet’s everyday adventures. The American Journey Grain Free product line includes the 14 dry dog foods listed below.. Each recipe includes its related AAFCO nutrient profile when available on the product’s official webpage: Growth, Maintenance, All Life Stages, Supplemental or Unspecified.. Use the links below to check prices and package sizes at an online retailer.. American Journey Beef and Sweet Potato [A] A handful of reviews find the kibbles on this cat food are too small. Just the same, thereâs probably not enough tomato pomace here to make much of a difference. This dry food has essential amino acids such as taurine for heart and eye health, and antioxidants for a strong immune system. The first ingredient is deboned turkey. This dry food has essential amino acids such as taurine for heart and eye health, and antioxidants for a strong immune system. They gobble up the food and just cannot get enough of its rich fish taste. I hope your furry friends will love these reviewed products and that it will spark joy in each pair of feline eyes! That’s why Landmark by American Journey Chicken Recipe is crafted with 95% chicken and chicken broth, plus 5% vitamins, minerals and other nutrients like taurine to round out a complete, balanced meal. It is enriched with vitamins and minerals for complete and balanced nutrition. Pea protein is added as another source of protein. The ninth ingredient is barley. Chicken fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols), natural flavor, and rosemary extract enhance this productâs flavor. American Journey Landmark Chicken & Vegetables Recipe in Broth. American Journey is Chewy.comâs exclusive brand of natural pet foods. No weird smell. Too dry. The recipes are made of up to 95% protein. The first five on its ingredient list of this product are turkey, turkey broth, turkey liver, salmon, and natural flavor. Aside from the caloric energy it contains, this item is of only modest nutritional value to a dog. The first ingredient in this dog food is beef. American Journey is a grain-inclusive dry dog food using a notable amount of named meat meals as its dominant source of animal protein, thus receiving 4.5 stars. The brandâs Turkey & Chicken Recipe is truly a hit among cats. Some cats who are allergic to chicken have even thrived on this salmon recipe. According to our data, this American Journey recipe provides complete & balanced nutrition for all life stages.In other words, this formula is AAFCO approved.. American Journey Grain-Free Premium Loaf Chicken & Turkey Recipe is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog Food Nutrient Profiles for all life stages. American Journey Chicken Recipe Grain-Free Dry Cat Food, 5-lb bag; Your cat needs the high-quality nutrition to keep her going for a full day of adventure. No products from American Journey have ever been recalled. Chicken fat is obtained from rendering chicken, a process similar to making soup in which the fat itself is skimmed from the surface of the liquid. Aside from vitamins and minerals, this meaty wet cat food also has taurine for eye and heart health. This high-quality food comes with a higher price tag compared to the average wet cat food. As a group, the brand features an average protein content of 27% and a mean fat level of 15%. The first five on the ingredient list of this product are deboned salmon, salmon meal, tapioca starch, menhaden fish meal, and dried egg product. Chicken fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols), natural flavor, and rosemary extract enhance the kibbleâs flavor. Mary Nielsen â¥. And like all legumes, they’re rich in natural fiber. According to a few reviews, their cats do not prefer this dry food due to the small kibbles. You can rest assured that you are feeding your cat a nutritious meal. In addition, we find flaxseed, one of the best plant sources of healthy omega-3 fatty acids. Cats also love the smooth texture of this hydrating paté. Cats love it! The Beef & Brown Rice Recipe Dry Dog Food formula features real, deboned beef as the first ingredient, plus wholesome grains and premium fruits and vegetables like carrots, blueberries and cranberries. Every American Journey recipe is made with real animal protein as the first ingredient to support active muscles, so you can choose from beef dog food, lamb dog food to venison dog food, or salmon dog food, salmon cat food, chicken cat food and a wide selection of grain-free cat food paté recipes. Chicken is the most common meat ingredient used in dog food. Chelated minerals are usually found in better dog foods. The brand aims to provide high-quality natural food at an affordable price. Tasty meals. 4. This Turkey & Salmon Recipe Grain-Free wet cat food is packed with protein from real salmon and turkey. This chicken and veggies recipe is also recommended for cats who have seafood or fish allergies. American Journey Landmark Chicken & Vegetables Recipe in Broth is a highly recommended wet food for cats of all life stages. Or view the same list sorted alphabetically by brand. This helps cover the cost of operation of our free blog. It contains no grains, corn, soy, or even peas. The list of ingredients must always be checked before feeding new food to cats with food sensitivities. Most of their ingredients are sourced in the US, with some sourced from countries such as Mexico, China, Chile, Canada, New Zealand, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, and the Netherlands. American Journey Chicken and Brown Rice Protein First Recipe Dry Dog Food. It has a rich flavor that cats instinctively crave. The cats get very excited for mealtime, and enjoy munching on the bite-sized kibbles. I would just like to be transparent with you and inform you that FelineLiving may obtain a share of sales or other monetary compensation from the links on this page. The cats seem fuller for much longer. Pea protein is also included as an additional source of protein. It is not only loved by their cats, but it also offers a highly nutritious meal. American Journey Beef and Brown Rice was selected to represent the other products in the line for this review. The first on the ingredient list is salmon. And lastly, this food contains chelated minerals, minerals that have been chemically attached to protein. The eighth ingredient is brewers rice. Luckily, American Journey is indeed Which means this American Journey product line contains…. With 40% protein from salmon, and vitamin-rich vegetables and fruits, this grain-free recipe offers complete and balanced nutrition for cats. American Journey cat food is made by an unnamed manufacturer located in Kansas. American Journey Chicken & Sweet Potato Recipe Grain-Free Dry Dog Food, 24-lb bag; American Journey is full of nutritious ingredients that fuel your pet’s everyday adventures. You love what you see? This makes them easier to absorb. Even the hairballs are lessened since switching to this product. American Journey offers natural, limited ingredient, and grain-free dog food formulas that feature real meat as the first ingredient, antioxidant-rich fruits and veggies, and Omega-3 fatty acids, with no by-product meals. Real chicken is the first ingredient, delicately shredded and cooked in a flavorful broth—it’s a gourmet approach to a prey-based diet. American Journey Chicken Recipe has been quite gentle on a lot of sensitive catsâ tummies. With no questionable ingredients, this dry pet food product offers good value to cat parents. It has a rich flavor that cats instinctively crave. Peas are a quality source of carbohydrates. In 2011, Ryan Cohen and Michael Day launched an online-only pet product retailer called Mr. Chewy. Together, these figures suggest a carbohydrate content of 50% for the overall product line. The American Journey product line includes the 9 dry dog foods listed below. It is too small for them to chew. American Journey Peanut Butter Recipe Grain-Free Oven Baked Crunchy Biscuit Dog Treats These oven-baked dog treats are small, bite-sized snacks that your pup will surely love. Their wet foods come in either a paté or minced in gravy consistency. After processing, this item would probably account for a smaller part of the total content of the finished product. This food is rich in nutrients, essential amino acids, and antioxidants for complete and balanced nutrition. A huge animal lover, born and raised around dogs, cats, chickens...
Brewers rice is a cereal grain by-product consisting of the small fragments left over after milling whole rice. Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and updates from our team. Many praise tomato pomace for its high fiber and nutrient content, while others scorn it as an inexpensive pet food filler. It is easy to chew and is recommended for cats of all life stages. They are rich in flavor from ingredients like meat, broth, and liver.